TUBAL FACTOR INFERTILITY

Tubal factor infertility occurs when the fallopian tube(s) prevents sperm from reaching the egg for fertilization or prevents a fertilized egg (an embryo) from reaching the uterus for pregnancy.

In the event that the fallopian tube is damaged, misshapen, or blocked in some way, a sperm, and an egg cannot meet, resulting in infertility. Alternatively, the tube’s damage may still allow fertilization of the egg and sperm but the embryo is unable to travel to the uterus and remains in the tube (ectopic, or tubal pregnancy).

TUBAL FACTOR INFERTILITY CAUSES

The most common cause of tubal factor infertility is infection. Additional causes of blocking and scarring include:

ENDOMETRIOSIS, a disease in which the tissue that normally lines the uterus grows outside the uterus

PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE (PID), an infection of the female reproductive organs

SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS (STIS), most commonly chlamydia and gonorrhea

ECTOPIC PREGNANCY, a condition in which the embryo grows outside of the uterus, most commonly in the tube

PREVIOUS SURGERY

Patients have a higher risk of tubal factor infertility if they’ve had a ruptured appendix or previous abdominal surgeries, including surgeries for ectopic pregnancies. Due to the location of these conditions, tubal issues are more likely to occur.

SYMPTOMS AND DIAGNOSIS OF TUBAL FACTOR INFERTILITY

The main symptom of tubal factor infertility is the inability to become pregnant. Many women do not realize that they have fallopian tube damage until they have consulted a doctor for infertility.

In addition, when infertility is accompanied by signs of pelvic inflammatory disease, such as chronic lower abdominal pain, tubal infertility may be present. The two tests used to diagnose tubal factor infertility are a hysterosalpingogram and a laparoscopy.

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