Thyroid parenchymal disease is also known as goiter and thyroid. A goiter results from thyroid gland enlargement, causing swelling in the neck. This can result from both underactive thyroid and overactive thyroid.

CAUSES OF THYROID DISEASE?

There are several different causes of thyroid disease. The following conditions cause hypothyroidism:

• Thyroiditis is an inflammation of the thyroid gland. This can lower the amount of hormones produced.
• Hashimoto’s thyroiditis is a painless disease of the immune system that is hereditary.
• Postpartum thyroiditis occurs in 5% to 9% of women after giving birth. It is usually a temporary condition.
• Iodine deficiency is a problem affecting approximately 100 million people around the world. Iodine is used by the thyroid to produce hormones. Although prevalent before the 1950s in the United States, iodine deficiency has been virtually wiped out by the use of iodized salt.
• A non-functioning thyroid gland affects one in 4,000 newborns. If the problem isn’t corrected, the child will be physically and mentally retarded. All newborns are given a screening blood test in the hospital to evaluate thyroid function.

WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS AND SIGNS OF THYROID DISEASE

There are numerous signs and symptoms of thyroid disease. A few of the symptoms are

• Constipation
•  joint pain
• weight gain
• pale skin.